不同弧电流对AlCrBN涂层结构和性能的影响

目的 提高涂层刀具在高速工况下的切削寿命。方法 利用电弧离子镀技术在高速钢试样块和刀具表面制备不同弧电流（60、80、100 A）的AlCrBN涂层。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、轮廓仪、洛氏压痕仪、划痕仪、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦磨损试验仪和切削试验对涂层的微观结构和性能进行研究分析。结果 AlCrBN涂层的物相成分为固溶的fcc-(Cr,Al)N相以及少量的CrB2和fcc-BN相。随着AlCrB靶弧电流由60 A增至100 A，表面粗糙度Sq值由197 nm增至208 nm，Sa值由107 nm增至113 nm；显微硬度由3574HK0.05先增至3890HK0.05，再降至3209HK0.05；结合强度Lc2由57 N增至63 N，再降至55 N，均呈现先增后减的趋势。不同弧电流制备的AlCrBN涂层的磨损率依次为0.69×10-15、0.38×10-15、0.84× 10-15 m3/(N?m)，涂层的磨损机理均为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。切削结果显示，AlCrBN涂层刀具在切削速度VC为60 m/min和191 m/min条件下的切削寿命均高于AlCrN涂层刀具，且80 A条件下制备的AlCrBN涂层刀具切削寿命均最长，分别为9 m和6 m。切削速度60 m/min条件下的磨损机理：初期为磨粒磨损，中期为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损，后期为粘着磨损。切削速度191 m/min条件下的磨损机理：初期和中期为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损，后期为粘着磨损。结论 AlCrBN涂层刀具与AlCrN涂层刀具相比，切削性能更加优越，并且80 A条件下制备的AlCrBN涂层的综合性能最优。     

粉末渗锌钢渗层的形成机理及影响因素研究进展

粉末渗锌工艺是一种热扩散表面改性技术，将渗锌剂与钢构件在高温条件下接触，利用原子扩散作用，在构件表面形成一层合金保护层。作为一种工艺简单、环境友好的高效表面防腐处理工艺，粉末渗锌技术可有效改善金属材料的耐磨、耐蚀和耐氧化等性能，具有广泛的应用前景而备受研究者的关注。首先分析了粉末渗锌层的形成机理，并重点讨论了渗层的组织结构;然后，综述了保温温度、保温时间以及合金元素等因素对渗层形成的影响。研究者发现，升高温度和延长时间有益于渗层厚度的增加，但要合理控制，温度过高或时间过长不仅使渗层性能变差，还会增加能耗和降低生产率。此外，通过调整渗剂中合金元素的添加量以及种类，能够改善渗锌层的性能，但各类元素的最佳添加量以及其对渗层的改性机理还有待于进一步探究。目前，粉末渗锌生产中存在效率低的问题，在渗锌工艺中应用机械能助渗技术和纳米技术，可有效提高渗锌效率、改善渗层性能。最后，结合当前的研究现状，对粉末渗锌工艺的研究方向进行了探讨。     

TC4合金表面Cu/石墨复合镀层的摩擦磨损行为

采用无氰电镀工艺在TC4合金表面制备了Cu/石墨复合镀层，研究了镀层的组织结构和摩擦磨损行为。结果表明，采用无氰电镀方法能够在TC4合金表面制备出组织致密且与基体结合紧密的Cu/石墨复合镀层，但增加镀层中石墨的含量会降低镀层与基体合金的结合强度，并导致硬度小幅下降。摩擦磨损实验结果表明，Cu/石墨复合镀层具有优良的摩擦磨损防护性能，归因于石墨有效降低了镀层的摩擦系数和磨损率；对镀层磨损形貌、磨损产物和摩擦系数的综合分析结果表明，纯铜镀层的摩擦磨损机制主要为犁削磨损、黏着磨损和剥层磨损，Cu/石墨复合镀层的磨损机制为轻微的削层磨损和疲劳磨损。     

Ce(SO4)2浓度对电喷镀Ni-W-Ce合金镀层性能影响

为了研究Ce(SO4)2浓度与合金镀层表面性能的关系，采用喷射电沉积法制备了一系列Ni-W-Ce合金镀层工件。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了镀层的表面结构，并用能谱仪(EDS)检测镀层中的元素组成。XRD分析表明，镀层存在晶格畸变。LEXT4100激光共焦显微镜观察磨损痕迹，发现磨损机理发生了变化。结果表明，添加Ce(SO4)2改善了涂层的表面微观形貌，当浓度为0.5g/L时，涂层的表面质量最佳。同时，显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性随浓度的增加呈现先好后坏的规律。当Ce(SO4)2浓度为0.5g/L时，显微硬度达到峰值519.69HV0.1。此时，镀层耐磨性最好，其耐磨性表征参数均取得最小值。且镀层的耐蚀性也最好，腐蚀电位为-0.5537V，电弧电抗半径最小。     

工艺参数对超声辅助脉冲电沉积镍-氮化钛复合镀层的影响

在45钢表面以超声波辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-TiN复合镀层。研究了平均阴极电流密度、脉冲占空比、超声功率和TiN粒子(平均直径20~30 nm)添加量对复合镀层的TiN粒子含量和显微硬度的影响。得到较优的工艺参数为:NiSO4ꞏ6H2O 300 g/L,NiCl2ꞏ6H2O 30 g/L,H3BO330 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.3 g/L,TiN 25 g/L,pH 4.1~4.3,温度40°C,平均阴极电流密度4 A/dm2,脉冲占空比40%,脉冲频率1000 Hz,超声功率300 W,机械搅拌速率200 r/min,时间60 min。该条件下所得Ni-TiN复合镀层的TiN质量分数为8.35%,显微硬度为819 HV,表面平整、致密,晶粒尺寸均匀。     

Al2O3 eliminating defects in the Al coating by laser cladding to improve corrosion and wear resistance of Mg alloy

Although Al produces a solid metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy substrates, micropores or crevices in the Al coating can reduce the resistance of Mg alloy to corrosion. In this study, a composite coating with a defect-free microstructure was prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy substrate by introducing Al₂O₃ into the Al matrix via the method of laser cladding. On the one hand, Al₂O₃ with thermal insulation had a low thermal expansion coefficient and was not very prone to voids during laser melting. On the other hand, Al₂O₃ particles with a small size acted as the filler in the micropores or crevices. The Al/Al₂O₃ coating exhibited a smaller current density (2.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²) in comparison with those of bare substrate and Al coating (158.4 × 10⁻⁶ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm², respectively), which was mainly ascribed to the pore-free microstructure and high resistance to corrosion of Al₂O₃ phase. A favorable microhardness value of 95.3 HV was achieved for Al/Al₂O₃ coating, approximately 1.8 times higher than that of Al coating (52.8 V), which was mainly ascribed to the dispersion hardening of Al₂O₃ phase. Meanwhile, the Al/Al₂O₃ coating significantly reduced wear volume from 2.8 mm³/m of Al coating to 0.4 mm³/m, showing great potential for weight reduction applications.     

金刚石涂层微铣刀的铣削加工试验

为了掌握金刚石涂层对其铣削性能的影响，针对直径为50 μm级的硬质合金微铣刀，进行了金刚石涂层与未涂层硬质合金微铣刀具微槽铣削试验。通过使用线电极电火花磨削技术制备出直径为50 μm级的D形微铣刀,采用金刚石涂层和未涂层刀具在纯铜工件上开展微槽铣削工艺试验；使用白光干涉仪、超景深显微镜等仪器来观测微槽表面形貌、粗糙度等随铣削距离变化的规律，分析金刚石涂层对硬质合金微铣刀铣削加工质量的影响。结果表明：采用金刚石涂层刀具加工的微槽具有较少的毛刺，表面粗糙度值约为未涂层刀具铣削的粗糙度值的1/2，并且能够在一定距离内保持稳定的槽宽、粗糙度值和侧面形貌。     

Effects of stray AC on corrosion of 3-layer polyethylene coated X70 pipeline steel and cathodic delamination of coating with defects in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution

In this work, the effects of stray alternating current (AC) on the corrosion of coated X70 pipeline steel and the delamination of 3-layer polyethylene (3PE) coatings with defects were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) digital microscope techniques. The results showed that under the same level of AC interference, pits with deeper maximum pit depth were observed at the smaller defect areas than those at larger defect areas. It was consistent with the simulation results that a greater corrosion current density was accompanied on samples with smaller defects. According to 3D digital images, the larger delamination of 3PE coatings was found on samples with smaller defects. With the increase of current density, the impedance of samples with small defects decreased, while that of samples with large defects increased. Additionally, with the same defect size, the maximum pit depth became deeper and the corrosion was more severe.     

Investigation of surface-modified anhydrous borax utilisation in raw glazes

This study aims to determine the feasibility of preparing ceramic glaze using a surface-modified borate, which contributes boron to the composition without the need of a fritting process. In this context, surface modification of anhydrous borax powders (ABP) with magnesium stearate (MgSt) via dry powder coating is investigated. The surface modification of ABP with MgSt is optimised by employing modifier dosage of 0.5, 1, and 2?wt% and coating periods of 30, 60, and 120?min. The resulting powders are comparatively characterised via wettability, solubility, and dispersibility tests. The structural changes in surface-treated ABP are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. The results indicate that ABP surface could be switched from hydrophilic (17°) to hydrophobic (115°), its water solubility decreased from 40% to 10%, and a coating yield of approximately 74% was achieved with MgSt dosage of 1?wt% at a processing period of 2?h. Furthermore, FT-IR and XPS results indicated that MgSt is mainly coated over the surface of ABP via physical adsorption rather than chemical bonding. The glaze containing surface-treated ABP that was fired at 1050?°C, demonstrated complete melting and surface coverage without defects. Thus, effective dry coating as a single-step approach could be applied to obtain surface-modified ABP, which offers controlled solubility in glaze suspensions with improved dispersibility and excellent glaze coverage of the surfaces.     

HA/β-TCP plasma sprayed coatings on Ti substrate for biomedical applications

The present work focuses on the fabrication of βTCP (β-tricalcium phosphate) and HA/βTCP (hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate) composite coatings by plasma spraying. The starting powders were produced via solid-state method using 2 wt% MgO to stabilize βTCP phase. The synthesized powders were preliminarily granulated to be used by the plasma spray process. Coatings obtained on titanium substrates are uniform and well adherent but due to the high temperature and cooling rate typical for plasma spraying process, βTCP phase is almost totally transformed into the α allotrope. Thermal treatment at 800 °C allows the reconversion of the phase αTCP→ βTCP. It is therefore possible to produce coatings with tuneable dissolution properties by selecting the proper initial powder mixture and the specific thermal treatment.